interfaces

BonLab fabricates textured microcapsules through crystallization

BonLab fabricates textured microcapsules through crystallization

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Microcapsules can be found in a range of commercial applications, including cosmetics, healthcare, agriculture, and food. The capsules serve as a storage vessel for an active ingredient, for example a nutrient or fragrance. They can have a variety of designs, the simplest form being a single internal liquid-based core surrounded by a solid shell. The chemical and physical characteristics of this shell influence the colloidal stability of capsules in formulations, dictate the permeability and mechanical robustness of the capsules, and can potentially regulate substrate adhesion. Beside storage, these features of the microcapsules are there to regulate and control release and delivery of the active compound.

A considerable part of the technologies used to produce microcapsule relies on the use of synthetic polymers that do not break down, with terrible consequences for environmental build up. One way is to make use of biocompatible and degradable plastics.

We provide an alternative solution, in that we fabricate the capsule from small molecular compounds, instead of polymers, that can crystallize.

BonLab collaborates to produce bacteria containing biocoatings

BonLab collaborates to produce bacteria containing biocoatings

We have a long history of making polymer dispersions to be used in waterborne coatings. The polymer colloids, or latex particles, are made by emulsion polymerization. Prof. Joe Keddie from the Physics Department at Surrey University contacted us if we were interested to help out on a bio-coatings project that needed some bespoke polymer latexes and colloidal formulations. With the term bio-coatings we mean here the coating formulation has the ability to entrap metabolically-active bacteria within the dried polymer film.

We loved the concept. In BonLab, PhD student Josh Booth optimized the synthesis of acrylic polymer latexes at approximately 40wt% solids with a monomodal particle size distributions. Important was to use bacteria-friendly surfactants in the semi-batch emulsion polymerization processes. Important was also to have a dry glass transition temperature of the polymer latex binder around 34 ℃, so that film formation could occur at temperatures which preserved viability of the bacteria.

The latexes were formulated as mixtures with halloysite nanoclay (hollow tubes) and E coli bacteria back at Surrey. The tubular clay was introduced to create porosity inside the polymer nanocomposite films. The overall composition of the waterborne formulation was optimized for mechanical and bacterial performance.

Innovation in Emulsion Polymerization process opens window to Janus and patchy particles

Innovation in Emulsion Polymerization process opens window to Janus and patchy particles

Emulsion polymerization is of pivotal importance as a route to the fabrication of water-based synthetic polymer colloids. The product is often referred to as a polymer latex and plays a crucial role in a wide variety of applications spanning coatings (protective/decorative/automotive), adhesives (pressure sensitive/laminating/construction), paper and inks, gloves and condoms, carpets, non-wovens, leather, asphalt paving, redispersible powders, and as plastic material modifiers.

Since its discovery in the 1920s the emulsion polymerization process and its mechanistic understanding has evolved. Our most noticeable past contributions include the first reversible-deactivation nitroxide-mediated radical emulsion polymerization (Macromolecules 1997: DOI 10.1021/ma961003s), and the development and mechanistic understanding of Pickering mini-emulsion (Macromolecules 2005: DOI 10.1021/ma051070z) and emulsion polymerization processes (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008: DOI 10.1021/ja807242k). The latest on nano-silica stabilized Pickering Emulsion Polymerization from our lab can be found here.

One quest in emulsion polymerization technology that remains challenging and intriguing is control of the particle morphology. It is of importance as the architecture of the polymer colloid influences its behavioural properties when used in applications. We now report in ACS Nano an elegant innovation in the emulsion polymerization process which makes use of nanogels as stabilizers and allows us to fabricate Janus and patchy polymer colloids.